Real patient being treated with DUPIXENT.
Individual results may vary.

About DUPIXENT® (dupilumab)

DUPIXENT is the first and only
biologic approved to treat
uncontrolled moderate-to-severe
atopic dermatitis from infancy
(6+ months of age)
to adulthood

Partner with a
specialist and take
another approach
with DUPIXENT

Real patient being treated with DUPIXENT. Individual results may vary.
Real Dupixent® (dupilumab) Patient smiling

Partner with a specialist and take another approach with DUPIXENT

  • DUPIXENT inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 signaling, two sources of type 2 inflammation, to proactively treat the disease. The mechanism of dupilumab action has not been definitively established1
  • ​​DUPIXENT is not an immunosuppressant or a steroid1
Real Dupixent® (dupilumab) Patient smiling

Watch now to see
how DUPIXENT works

DUPIXENT has proven efficacy in ADULT AND PEDIATRIC patients

Demonstrated itch relief and skin
clearance in patients 6+ months of age
with
uncontrolled moderate-to-severe
atopic dermatitis1

Sustained itch relief at 1 year in adults1,2

Itch reduction at Week 16 in pediatric patients
(6 months to 17 years)1

Sustained skin clearance at 1 year in adults1,2

Skin clearance at Week 16 in pediatric patients
(6 months to 17 years)1

Long-term safety profile1

Demonstrated long-term
safety profile
through 52 weeks

The most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥1%) in patients with atopic dermatitis are injection site reactions, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, oral herpes, keratitis, eye pruritus, other herpes simplex virus infection, dry eye, and eosinophilia.1

The safety profile in pediatric patients through Week 16 was similar to that of adults with atopic dermatitis. The 52-week safety profile of DUPIXENT + TCS in adults was generally consistent with the Week 16 adult safety profile. In an open-label extension study, the long-term safety profile of DUPIXENT ± TCS in pediatric patients observed through Week 52 was consistent with that seen in adults with atopic dermatitis, with hand-foot-and-mouth disease and skin papilloma (incidence ≥2%) reported in patients 6 months to 5 years of age. These cases did not lead to study drug discontinuation.1

Real patient being

treated with DUPIXENT. Individual results
may vary.

View DUPIXENT efficacy &
safety across all ages

VIEW EFFICACY & and SAFETY OVERVIEW
TRIAL DESIGNS AND RESULTS

251 adolescents (12-17 years) in AD-1526, 162 infants to preschoolers (6 months to 5 years) in AD-1539 (16 weeks each), and 421 adults in CHRONOS (52 weeks) with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis and 367 children (6-11 years) in AD-1652 (16 weeks) with severe disease inadequately controlled with topical prescription therapies were randomized to DUPIXENT or placebo. All patients in CHRONOS, AD-1652, and AD-1539 received concomitant TCS. All DUPIXENT-treated adults and adolescents ≥60 kg received 300 mg Q2W after a 600 mg loading dose, adolescents <60 kg and children ≥30 kg but <60 kg received 200 mg Q2W after a 400 mg loading dose, children 15 kg but <30 kg received 300 mg Q4W after a 600 mg loading dose; infants to preschoolers 15 kg but <30 kg received 300 mg Q4W, and infants to preschoolers 5 kg but <15 kg received 200 mg Q4W. In CHRONOS, AD-1526, and AD-1539, patients had an IGA score ≥3 on a scale of 0 to 4, an EASI score ≥16 on a scale of 0 to 72, and BSA involvement ≥10%. In AD-1652, patients had an IGA score of 4, an EASI score ≥21, and BSA involvement ≥15%. At baseline, 52.5% of adults, 46% of adolescents, and 23% of infants to preschoolers had an IGA score of 3 (moderate); 47.5% of adults, 54% of adolescents, and 77% of infants to preschoolers had an IGA of 4 (severe); mean EASI score was 32.9 for adults; mean EASI score was 36 for adolescents, 37.9 for children, and 34.1 for infants to preschoolers; weekly averaged Peak Pruritus NRS was 7.3 for adults, 8 for adolescents, and 7.8 for children on a scale of 0 to 10; and weekly average of daily Worst Scratch/Itch NRS was 7.6 for infants to preschoolers on a scale of 0 to 10.1-4

The primary endpoint in CHRONOS and AD-1526 was the proportion of subjects with an IGA 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear) and ≥2-point improvement at Week 16 (39% of adults treated with DUPIXENT + TCS vs 12% with placebo + TCS in CHRONOS, P<0.0001; and 24% of adolescents treated with DUPIXENT vs 2% with placebo in AD-1526, P<0.001). In AD-1652 and AD-1539, the primary endpoint was the proportion of subjects with an IGA 0 or 1 at Week 16 (39% of children ≥30 kg treated with DUPIXENT + TCS vs 10% with placebo + TCS, 30% of children <30 kg treated with DUPIXENT + TCS vs 13% with placebo + TCS in AD-1652; and 28% of infants to preschoolers treated with DUPIXENT + TCS vs 4% with placebo + TCS in AD-1539, P<0.0001). Other endpoints included the proportion of subjects with EASI-75 at Week 16 (69% of adults treated with DUPIXENT + TCS vs 23% with placebo + TCS in CHRONOS, P<0.0001; 42% of adolescents treated with DUPIXENT vs 8% with placebo in AD-1526, P<0.001; 75% of children ≥30 kg treated with DUPIXENT + TCS vs 26% with placebo + TCS, and 75% of children <30 kg treated with DUPIXENT + TCS vs 28% with placebo + TCS in AD-1652; and 53% of infants to preschoolers treated with DUPIXENT + TCS vs 11% with placebo + TCS in AD-1539, P<0.0001) and ≥4-point improvement in the Peak Pruritus NRS at Week 16 (59% of adults treated with DUPIXENT + TCS vs 20% with placebo + TCS in CHRONOS, P<0.0001; 37% of adolescents treated with DUPIXENT vs 5% with placebo in AD-1526, P<0.001; 61% of children ≥30 kg treated with DUPIXENT + TCS vs 13% with placebo + TCS and 54% of children <30 kg treated with DUPIXENT + TCS vs 12% with placebo + TCS in AD-1652), and ≥4-point improvement in the Worst Scratch/Itch NRS at Week 16 (48% of infants to preschoolers treated with DUPIXENT + TCS vs 9% with placebo + TCS in AD-1539, P<0.0001).1,2,4-6

BSA, body surface area; EASI, Eczema Area and Severity Index; IGA, Investigator’s Global Assessment; NRS, numerical rating scale; Q2W, once every 2 weeks; Q4W, once every 4 weeks; TCS, topical corticosteroids.

Important considerations

Not an immunosuppressant
or a
steroid1

No initial lab testing or
ongoing
lab monitoring

according to the Prescribing Information1

No known drug-to-drug interactions1

  • Not metabolized through the liver or
    excreted through the kidneys

No boxed warning1

Please see additional Warnings and Precautions in
the Prescribing Information and Important Safety
Information below.

SELECT IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, serum sickness or serum sickness-like reactions, angioedema, generalized urticaria, rash, erythema nodosum, and erythema multiforme, have been reported. If a clinically significant hypersensitivity reaction occurs, institute appropriate therapy and discontinue DUPIXENT.

Please see additional Warnings and Precautions in the Prescribing Information and Important Safety Information throughout.

  • Consider completing all age-appropriate vaccinations as recommended by current immunization guidelines prior to initiating treatment with DUPIXENT1
    • Avoid use of live vaccines during treatment with DUPIXENT

Hear providers discuss
DUPIXENT as another
approach to treatment 

Get answers to frequently asked questions

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INDICATIONS

Atopic Dermatitis: DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 months and older with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) whose disease is not adequately controlled with topical prescription therapies or when those therapies are not advisable. DUPIXENT can be used with or without topical corticosteroids.

Asthma: DUPIXENT is indicated as an add-on maintenance treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with moderate-to-severe asthma characterized by an eosinophilic phenotype or with oral corticosteroid dependent asthma. Limitations of Use: DUPIXENT is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus.

Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: DUPIXENT is indicated as an add-on maintenance treatment in adult and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with inadequately controlled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

Eosinophilic Esophagitis: DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 1 year and older, weighing at least 15 kg, with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).

Prurigo Nodularis: DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with prurigo nodularis (PN).

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: DUPIXENT is indicated as an add-on maintenance treatment of adult patients with inadequately controlled chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and an eosinophilic phenotype. Limitations of Use: DUPIXENT is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm.

IMPORTANT SAFETY
INFORMATION

CONTRAINDICATION: DUPIXENT is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to dupilumab or any of its excipients.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, serum sickness or serum sickness-like reactions, angioedema, generalized urticaria, rash, erythema nodosum, and erythema multiforme have been reported. If a clinically significant hypersensitivity reaction occurs, institute appropriate therapy and discontinue DUPIXENT. 

Conjunctivitis and Keratitis: Conjunctivitis and keratitis occurred more frequently in AD subjects who received DUPIXENT versus placebo, with conjunctivitis being the most frequently reported eye disorder. Conjunctivitis also occurred more frequently in adult CRSwNP subjects, PN subjects, and COPD subjects who received DUPIXENT compared to those who received placebo. Conjunctivitis and keratitis have been reported with DUPIXENT in postmarketing settings, predominantly in AD patients. Some patients reported visual disturbances (e.g., blurred vision) associated with conjunctivitis or keratitis. Advise patients or their caregivers to report new onset or worsening eye symptoms to their healthcare provider. Consider ophthalmological examination for patients who develop conjunctivitis that does not resolve following standard treatment or signs and symptoms suggestive of keratitis, as appropriate.

Eosinophilic Conditions: Patients being treated for asthma may present with serious systemic eosinophilia sometimes presenting with clinical features of eosinophilic pneumonia or vasculitis consistent with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), conditions which are often treated with systemic corticosteroid therapy. These events may be associated with the reduction of oral corticosteroid therapy. Healthcare providers should be alert to vasculitic rash, worsening pulmonary symptoms, cardiac complications, and/or neuropathy presenting in their patients with eosinophilia. Cases of eosinophilic pneumonia were reported in adult subjects who participated in the asthma development program and cases of vasculitis consistent with EGPA have been reported with DUPIXENT in adult subjects who participated in the asthma development program as well as in adult subjects with co-morbid asthma in the CRSwNP development program. A causal association between DUPIXENT and these conditions has not been established.

Acute Symptoms of Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or Acute Deteriorating Disease: Do not use DUPIXENT to treat acute symptoms or acute exacerbations of asthma or COPD, acute bronchospasm, or status asthmaticus. Patients should seek medical advice if their asthma or COPD remains uncontrolled or worsens after initiation of DUPIXENT.

Risk Associated with Abrupt Reduction of Corticosteroid Dosage: Do not discontinue systemic, topical, or inhaled corticosteroids abruptly upon initiation of DUPIXENT. Reductions in corticosteroid dose, if appropriate, should be gradual and performed under the direct supervision of a healthcare provider. Reduction in corticosteroid dose may be associated with systemic withdrawal symptoms and/or unmask conditions previously suppressed by systemic corticosteroid therapy.

Patients with Co-morbid Asthma: Advise patients with co-morbid asthma not to adjust or stop their asthma treatments without consultation with their physicians.

Arthralgia: Arthralgia has been reported with the use of DUPIXENT with some patients reporting gait disturbances or decreased mobility associated with joint symptoms; some cases resulted in hospitalization. Advise patients to report new onset or worsening joint symptoms. If symptoms persist or worsen, consider rheumatological evaluation and/or discontinuation of DUPIXENT.

Parasitic (Helminth) Infections: It is unknown if DUPIXENT will influence the immune response against helminth infections. Treat patients with pre-existing helminth infections before initiating therapy with DUPIXENT. If patients become infected while receiving treatment with DUPIXENT and do not respond to anti-helminth treatment, discontinue treatment with DUPIXENT until the infection resolves. Helminth infections (5 cases of enterobiasis and 1 case of ascariasis) were reported in pediatric patients 6 to 11 years old in the pediatric asthma development program.

Vaccinations: Consider completing all age-appropriate vaccinations as recommended by current immunization guidelines prior to initiating DUPIXENT. Avoid use of live vaccines during treatment with DUPIXENT.

ADVERSE REACTIONS:

Most common adverse reactions are:

  • Atopic Dermatitis (incidence ≥1%): injection site reactions, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, oral herpes, keratitis, eye pruritus, other herpes simplex virus infection, dry eye, and eosinophilia. The safety profile in pediatric patients through Week 16 was similar to that of adults with AD. In an open-label extension study, the long-term safety profile of DUPIXENT ± TCS in pediatric patients observed through Week 52 was consistent with that seen in adults with AD, with hand-foot-and-mouth disease and skin papilloma (incidence ≥2%) reported in patients 6 months to 5 years of age. These cases did not lead to study drug discontinuation.
  • Asthma (incidence ≥1%): injection site reactions, oropharyngeal pain, and eosinophilia.
  • Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (incidence ≥1% in adult patients): injection site reactions, eosinophilia, insomnia, toothache, gastritis, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis.
  • Eosinophilic Esophagitis (incidence ≥2%): injection site reactions, upper respiratory tract infections, arthralgia, and herpes viral infections.
  • Prurigo Nodularis (incidence ≥2%): nasopharyngitis, conjunctivitis, herpes infection, dizziness, myalgia, and diarrhea.
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (incidence ≥2%): viral infection, headache, nasopharyngitis, back pain, diarrhea, arthralgia, urinary tract infection, local administration reactions, rhinitis, eosinophilia, toothache, and gastritis.
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
  • Pregnancy: A pregnancy exposure registry monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to DUPIXENT during pregnancy. To enroll or obtain information call 1-877-311-8972 or go to https://mothertobaby.org/ongoing-study/dupixent/. Available data from case reports and case series with DUPIXENT use in pregnant women have not identified a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Human IgG antibodies are known to cross the placental barrier; therefore, DUPIXENT may be transmitted from the mother to the developing fetus.
  • Lactation: There are no data on the presence of DUPIXENT in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Maternal IgG is known to be present in human milk. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for DUPIXENT and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from DUPIXENT or from the underlying maternal condition.

Please see accompanying full Prescribing Information

INDICATIONS

Atopic Dermatitis: DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 months and older with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) whose disease is not adequately controlled with topical prescription therapies or when those therapies are not advisable. DUPIXENT can be used with or without topical corticosteroids.

Asthma: DUPIXENT is indicated as an add-on maintenance treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with moderate-to-severe asthma characterized by an eosinophilic phenotype or with oral corticosteroid dependent asthma. Limitations of Use: DUPIXENT is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus.

Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: DUPIXENT is indicated as an add-on maintenance treatment in adult and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with inadequately controlled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

Eosinophilic Esophagitis: DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 1 year and older, weighing at least 15 kg, with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).

Prurigo Nodularis: DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with prurigo nodularis (PN).

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: DUPIXENT is indicated as an add-on maintenance treatment of adult patients with inadequately controlled chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and an eosinophilic phenotype. Limitations of Use: DUPIXENT is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm.

IMPORTANT SAFETY
INFORMATION

CONTRAINDICATION: DUPIXENT is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to dupilumab or any of its excipients.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, serum sickness or serum sickness-like reactions, angioedema, generalized urticaria, rash, erythema nodosum, and erythema multiforme have been reported. If a clinically significant hypersensitivity reaction occurs, institute appropriate therapy and discontinue DUPIXENT. 

Conjunctivitis and Keratitis: Conjunctivitis and keratitis occurred more frequently in AD subjects who received DUPIXENT versus placebo, with conjunctivitis being the most frequently reported eye disorder. Conjunctivitis also occurred more frequently in adult CRSwNP subjects, PN subjects, and COPD subjects who received DUPIXENT compared to those who received placebo. Conjunctivitis and keratitis have been reported with DUPIXENT in postmarketing settings, predominantly in AD patients. Some patients reported visual disturbances (e.g., blurred vision) associated with conjunctivitis or keratitis. Advise patients or their caregivers to report new onset or worsening eye symptoms to their healthcare provider. Consider ophthalmological examination for patients who develop conjunctivitis that does not resolve following standard treatment or signs and symptoms suggestive of keratitis, as appropriate.

Eosinophilic Conditions: Patients being treated for asthma may present with serious systemic eosinophilia sometimes presenting with clinical features of eosinophilic pneumonia or vasculitis consistent with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), conditions which are often treated with systemic corticosteroid therapy. These events may be associated with the reduction of oral corticosteroid therapy. Healthcare providers should be alert to vasculitic rash, worsening pulmonary symptoms, cardiac complications, and/or neuropathy presenting in their patients with eosinophilia. Cases of eosinophilic pneumonia were reported in adult subjects who participated in the asthma development program and cases of vasculitis consistent with EGPA have been reported with DUPIXENT in adult subjects who participated in the asthma development program as well as in adult subjects with co-morbid asthma in the CRSwNP development program. A causal association between DUPIXENT and these conditions has not been established.

Acute Symptoms of Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or Acute Deteriorating Disease: Do not use DUPIXENT to treat acute symptoms or acute exacerbations of asthma or COPD, acute bronchospasm, or status asthmaticus. Patients should seek medical advice if their asthma or COPD remains uncontrolled or worsens after initiation of DUPIXENT.

Risk Associated with Abrupt Reduction of Corticosteroid Dosage: Do not discontinue systemic, topical, or inhaled corticosteroids abruptly upon initiation of DUPIXENT. Reductions in corticosteroid dose, if appropriate, should be gradual and performed under the direct supervision of a healthcare provider. Reduction in corticosteroid dose may be associated with systemic withdrawal symptoms and/or unmask conditions previously suppressed by systemic corticosteroid therapy.

Patients with Co-morbid Asthma: Advise patients with co-morbid asthma not to adjust or stop their asthma treatments without consultation with their physicians.

Arthralgia: Arthralgia has been reported with the use of DUPIXENT with some patients reporting gait disturbances or decreased mobility associated with joint symptoms; some cases resulted in hospitalization. Advise patients to report new onset or worsening joint symptoms. If symptoms persist or worsen, consider rheumatological evaluation and/or discontinuation of DUPIXENT.

Parasitic (Helminth) Infections: It is unknown if DUPIXENT will influence the immune response against helminth infections. Treat patients with pre-existing helminth infections before initiating therapy with DUPIXENT. If patients become infected while receiving treatment with DUPIXENT and do not respond to anti-helminth treatment, discontinue treatment with DUPIXENT until the infection resolves. Helminth infections (5 cases of enterobiasis and 1 case of ascariasis) were reported in pediatric patients 6 to 11 years old in the pediatric asthma development program.

Vaccinations: Consider completing all age-appropriate vaccinations as recommended by current immunization guidelines prior to initiating DUPIXENT. Avoid use of live vaccines during treatment with DUPIXENT.

ADVERSE REACTIONS:

Most common adverse reactions are:

  • Atopic Dermatitis (incidence ≥1%): injection site reactions, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, oral herpes, keratitis, eye pruritus, other herpes simplex virus infection, dry eye, and eosinophilia. The safety profile in pediatric patients through Week 16 was similar to that of adults with AD. In an open-label extension study, the long-term safety profile of DUPIXENT ± TCS in pediatric patients observed through Week 52 was consistent with that seen in adults with AD, with hand-foot-and-mouth disease and skin papilloma (incidence ≥2%) reported in patients 6 months to 5 years of age. These cases did not lead to study drug discontinuation.
  • Asthma (incidence ≥1%): injection site reactions, oropharyngeal pain, and eosinophilia.
  • Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (incidence ≥1% in adult patients): injection site reactions, eosinophilia, insomnia, toothache, gastritis, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis.
  • Eosinophilic Esophagitis (incidence ≥2%): injection site reactions, upper respiratory tract infections, arthralgia, and herpes viral infections.
  • Prurigo Nodularis (incidence ≥2%): nasopharyngitis, conjunctivitis, herpes infection, dizziness, myalgia, and diarrhea.
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (incidence ≥2%): viral infection, headache, nasopharyngitis, back pain, diarrhea, arthralgia, urinary tract infection, local administration reactions, rhinitis, eosinophilia, toothache, and gastritis.
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
  • Pregnancy: A pregnancy exposure registry monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to DUPIXENT during pregnancy. To enroll or obtain information call 1-877-311-8972 or go to https://mothertobaby.org/ongoing-study/dupixent/. Available data from case reports and case series with DUPIXENT use in pregnant women have not identified a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Human IgG antibodies are known to cross the placental barrier; therefore, DUPIXENT may be transmitted from the mother to the developing fetus.
  • Lactation: There are no data on the presence of DUPIXENT in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Maternal IgG is known to be present in human milk. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for DUPIXENT and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from DUPIXENT or from the underlying maternal condition.

Please see accompanying full Prescribing Information

References:

  1. DUPIXENT Prescribing Information.
  2. Blauvelt A, de Bruin-Weller M, Gooderham M, et al. Long-term management of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with dupilumab and concomitant topical corticosteroids (LIBERTY AD CHRONOS): a 1-year, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017;389(10086):2287-2303.
  3. Data on file, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  4. Paller AS, Simpson EL, Siegfried EC, et al. Dupilumab in children aged 6 months to younger than 6 years with uncontrolled atopic dermatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2022;400(10356):908-919.
  5. Paller AS, Siegfried EC, Thaçi D, et al. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab with concomitant topical corticosteroids in children 6 to 11 years old with severe atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;83(5):1282-1293.
  6. Simpson EL, Paller AS, Siegfried EC, et al. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in adolescents with uncontrolled moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: a phase 3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2020;156(1):44-56.