CHANGE THEIR STORY TOGETHER

By partnering with a specialist

Cat, 45
Living with moderate-to-severe
atopic dermatitis since early childhood

Real patient being treated with DUPIXENT
Individual results may vary

Revolutionizing the treatment of atopic dermatitis

When topical Rx therapies are not enough,
DUPIXENT is the first and only biologic approved from infancy to adulthood for uncontrolled moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis

Are your patients stuck in a cycle of flare, treat, repeat?

Despite treatment, many patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis may have difficulty achieving adequate control1

Among US patients 6+ months of age:

  • ≈2.6 million remain uncontrolled despite treatment1-3,a
  • ≈1 million uncontrolled patients have not seen an eczema specialist2,b,c

Patients can be disrupted by unpredictable flares—day
and night4,5

  • 86% of adults reported daily itch4,d
  • ≈136 mean days per year are spent living in flare (as reported by caregivers of children aged 2 to 13 years and patients aged 14 years and older)5,e

Atopic dermatitis places a burden on children’s family and caregivers

  • 22 hours per week on average are spent among parents and caregivers in atopic dermatitis-related tasks6,f

aIn adult patients (aged 18+ years), classification of inadequate control was based on physician assessment and defined as either currently flaring atopic dermatitis, deteriorating or changeable atopic dermatitis, or physician dissatisfaction with current control. In patients aged 6 months to 17 years, uncontrolled moderate disease was defined as ≥2 prescriptions of medium- to super-potent corticosteroids/topical calcineurin inhibitors over a 1-year observation period and all severe patients are determined as uncontrolled.1,2

bDefinition of adequate control based on potency and frequency of current treatment.2

cSpecialists defined as dermatologists, allergists, and dermatology and allergy nurse practitioners and physician assistants. IQVIA atopic dermatitis anonymized patient level claims data, October 2015 through February 2024.2

dData from a study of adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with chronic disease for ≥3 years (n=380).4

eTelephone interviews conducted in 2004 included 779 caregivers of children aged 2 to 13 years, 125 adolescents aged 14 to 17 years, and 1098 adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis from 8 countries (including the United States). Caregivers of patients aged 2 to 13 years reported 122 days per year with flares and 9 flares per year, with each lasting an average of 14 days. Patients aged 14 to 17 years reported 116 days per year with flares and 8 flares per year, with each lasting an average of 15 days. Adults reported 146 days per year with flares and 10 flares per year, with each lasting an average of 15 days.5

fIn an international online survey of self-reported caregivers (N=235) of children and adolescent patients with atopic dermatitis across all severities.6

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, systemic disease and the result of a dysregulated immune response

In atopic dermatitis, nonlesional skin is not normal skin7-9

Healthy skin without ATOPIC DERMATITIS

Healthy skin is free from inflammatory activity

NONLESIONAL SKIN IN
ATOPIC DERMATITIS

Inflammatory activity and a compromised barrier are present

  • There is evidence that even nonlesional skin exhibits subclinical inflammation7-9
  • Underlying inflammation in atopic dermatitis is due to a dysregulated “type 2” immune response, resulting in type 2 inflammation7-9

Specialty systemic treatment that targets a cause of underlying type 2 inflammation may be helpful for managing uncontrolled moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis10,11

Dupixent has extensive
real-world experience

prescribed biologic by dermatologists and allergists
in AD2,a
years since initial FDA approval in atopic dermatitis in adults10,b
patients on therapy across approved indications worldwide2,c

Strong recommendation
for DUPIXENT in
treatment guidelines

for appropriate patients with uncontrolled
moderate-to-severe
atopic dermatitis11,12,d

AAAAI, American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology; AAD, American Academy of Dermatology; ACAAI, American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology; AD, atopic dermatitis.

aIQVIA SMART Portal Patient Insights as of March 2025.

bFDA approved for uncontrolled moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis since 2017 for adults, 2019 for adolescents (aged 12-17 years), 2020 for children (aged 6-11 years), and 2022 for infants to preschoolers (aged 6 months to 5 years).

cThis worldwide number is largely comprised from 10 countries (Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, and the US), with the rest of the world comprising ≈10% of this number. This number is comprised of the following US approved indications: AD, asthma, CRSwNP, PN, and EoE. Data through February 2025.

dInclusion in AAD and AAAAI/ACAAI Atopic Dermatitis Guidelines does not denote endorsement or recommendation of product use by AAD and AAAAI/ACAAI.

When you have patients who are stuck in a cycle of flare, treat, repeat

ANSWER THESE 2 QUESTIONS

Committed to patient access and support

DUPIXENT has the best access among specialty systemic therapies indicated for atopic dermatitis2,a,b

  • ≈99% of commercial patients (6+ months of age) nationally are covered for DUPIXENT
  • ≈93% of commercial patient lives have to fail only 1 or 2 prescription topical treatments

aMMIT Analysis, December 2024. Analysis included DUPIXENT, tralokinumab, upadacitinib, abrocitinib, and lebrikizumab.

bBased on available published commercial UM coverage criteria.

DUPIXENT MyWay® helps ensure patients have access to DUPIXENT and are provided with assistance in navigating the insurance process

Learn more about Dupixent MyWay

aMMIT Analysis, December 2024. Analysis included DUPIXENT, tralokinumab, upadacitinib, abrocitinib, and lebrikizumab.

bBased on available published commercial UM coverage criteria.

Hear from colleagues about

when to consider partnering

with a specialist

Partnering with a specialist

Defining moments that led to DUPIXENT

Consider when to partner with a
dermatologist or allergist

Identify appropriate patients
INDICATIONS

Atopic Dermatitis: DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 months and older with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) whose disease is not adequately controlled with topical prescription therapies or when those therapies are not advisable. DUPIXENT can be used with or without topical corticosteroids.

Asthma: DUPIXENT is indicated as an add-on maintenance treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with moderate-to-severe asthma characterized by an eosinophilic phenotype or with oral corticosteroid dependent asthma. Limitations of Use: DUPIXENT is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus.

Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: DUPIXENT is indicated as an add-on maintenance treatment in adult and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with inadequately controlled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

Eosinophilic Esophagitis: DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 1 year and older, weighing at least 15 kg, with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).

Prurigo Nodularis: DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with prurigo nodularis (PN).

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: DUPIXENT is indicated as an add-on maintenance treatment of adult patients with inadequately controlled chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and an eosinophilic phenotype. Limitations of Use: DUPIXENT is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm.

Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) who remain symptomatic despite H1 antihistamine treatment. Limitations of Use: DUPIXENT is not indicated for treatment of other forms of urticaria.

IMPORTANT SAFETY
INFORMATION

CONTRAINDICATION: DUPIXENT is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to dupilumab or any of its excipients.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, serum sickness or serum sickness-like reactions, angioedema, generalized urticaria, rash, erythema nodosum, and erythema multiforme have been reported. If a clinically significant hypersensitivity reaction occurs, institute appropriate therapy and discontinue DUPIXENT.

Conjunctivitis and Keratitis: Conjunctivitis and keratitis occurred more frequently in AD subjects who received DUPIXENT versus placebo, with conjunctivitis being the most frequently reported eye disorder. Conjunctivitis also occurred more frequently in adult CRSwNP subjects, PN subjects, and COPD subjects who received DUPIXENT compared to those who received placebo. Conjunctivitis and keratitis have been reported with DUPIXENT in postmarketing settings, predominantly in AD patients. Some patients reported visual disturbances (e.g., blurred vision) associated with conjunctivitis or keratitis. Advise patients or their caregivers to report new-onset or worsening eye symptoms. Consider ophthalmological examination for patients who develop conjunctivitis that does not resolve following standard treatment or signs and symptoms suggestive of keratitis, as appropriate.

Eosinophilic Conditions: Patients being treated for asthma may present with clinical features of eosinophilic pneumonia or eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). These events may be associated with the reduction of oral corticosteroid therapy. Healthcare providers should be alert to vasculitic rash, worsening pulmonary symptoms, cardiac complications, kidney injury, and/or neuropathy presenting in their patients with eosinophilia. Cases of eosinophilic pneumonia were reported in adults who participated in the asthma development program and cases of EGPA have been reported with DUPIXENT in adults who participated in the asthma development program as well as in adults with co-morbid asthma in the CRSwNP development program. Advise patients to report signs of eosinophilic pneumonia and EGPA. Consider withholding DUPIXENT if eosinophilic pneumonia or EGPA are suspected.

Acute Symptoms of Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or Acute Deteriorating Disease: Do not use DUPIXENT to treat acute symptoms or acute exacerbations of asthma or COPD, acute bronchospasm, or status asthmaticus. Patients should seek medical advice if their asthma or COPD remains uncontrolled or worsens after initiation of DUPIXENT.

Risk Associated with Abrupt Reduction of Corticosteroid Dosage: Do not discontinue systemic, topical, or inhaled corticosteroids abruptly upon initiation of DUPIXENT. Reductions in corticosteroid dose, if appropriate, should be gradual and performed under the direct supervision of a healthcare provider. Reduction in corticosteroid dose may be associated with systemic withdrawal symptoms and/or unmask conditions previously suppressed by systemic corticosteroid therapy.

Patients with Co-morbid Asthma: Advise patients with co-morbid asthma not to adjust or stop their asthma treatments without consultation with their physicians.

Psoriasis: Cases of new-onset psoriasis have been reported with the use of DUPIXENT for the treatment of atopic dermatitis and asthma, including in patients without a family history of psoriasis. In postmarketing reports, these cases resulted in partial or complete resolution of psoriasis with discontinuation of dupilumab, with or without use of supplemental treatment for psoriasis (topical or systemic). Those who continued dupilumab received supplemental treatment for psoriasis to improve associated symptoms. Advise patients to report new-onset psoriasis symptoms. If symptoms persist or worsen, consider dermatologic evaluation and/or discontinuation of DUPIXENT.

Arthralgia and Psoriatic Arthritis: Arthralgia has been reported with the use of DUPIXENT with some patients reporting gait disturbances or decreased mobility associated with joint symptoms; some cases resulted in hospitalization. Cases of new-onset psoriatic arthritis requiring systemic treatment have been reported with the use of DUPIXENT. Advise patients to report new-onset or worsening joint symptoms. If symptoms persist or worsen, consider rheumatological evaluation and/or discontinuation of DUPIXENT.

Parasitic (Helminth) Infections: It is unknown if DUPIXENT will influence the immune response against helminth infections. Treat patients with pre-existing helminth infections before initiating therapy with DUPIXENT. If patients become infected while receiving treatment with DUPIXENT and do not respond to anti-helminth treatment, discontinue treatment with DUPIXENT until the infection resolves. Helminth infections (5 cases of enterobiasis and 1 case of ascariasis) were reported in pediatric patients 6 to 11 years old in the pediatric asthma development program.

Vaccinations: Consider completing all age-appropriate vaccinations as recommended by current immunization guidelines prior to initiating DUPIXENT. Avoid use of live vaccines during treatment with DUPIXENT.

ADVERSE REACTIONS:

Most common adverse reactions are:

  • Atopic Dermatitis (incidence ≥1%): injection site reactions, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, oral herpes, keratitis, eye pruritus, other herpes simplex virus infection, dry eye, and eosinophilia. The safety profile in pediatric patients through Week 16 was similar to that of adults with AD. In an open-label extension study, the long-term safety profile of DUPIXENT ± TCS in pediatric patients observed through Week 52 was consistent with that seen in adults with AD, with hand-foot-and-mouth disease and skin papilloma (incidence ≥2%) reported in patients 6 months to 5 years of age. These cases did not lead to study drug discontinuation.
  • Asthma (incidence ≥1%): injection site reactions, oropharyngeal pain, and eosinophilia.
  • Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (incidence ≥1% in adult patients): injection site reactions, eosinophilia, insomnia, toothache, gastritis, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis.
  • Eosinophilic Esophagitis (incidence ≥2%): injection site reactions, upper respiratory tract infections, arthralgia, and herpes viral infections.
  • Prurigo Nodularis (incidence ≥2%): nasopharyngitis, conjunctivitis, herpes infection, dizziness, myalgia, and diarrhea.
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (incidence ≥2%): viral infection, headache, nasopharyngitis, back pain, diarrhea, arthralgia, urinary tract infection, local administration reactions, rhinitis, eosinophilia, toothache, and gastritis.
  • Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (incidence ≥2%): injection site reactions.
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
  • Pregnancy: A pregnancy exposure registry monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to DUPIXENT during pregnancy. To enroll or obtain information call 1-877-311-8972 or go to https://mothertobaby.org/ongoing-study/dupixent/. Available data from case reports and case series with DUPIXENT use in pregnant women have not identified a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Human IgG antibodies are known to cross the placental barrier; therefore, DUPIXENT may be transmitted from the mother to the developing fetus.
  • Lactation: There are no data on the presence of DUPIXENT in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Maternal IgG is known to be present in human milk. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for DUPIXENT and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from DUPIXENT or from the underlying maternal condition.

Please see accompanying full Prescribing Information

INDICATIONS

Atopic Dermatitis: DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 months and older with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) whose disease is not adequately controlled with topical prescription therapies or when those therapies are not advisable. DUPIXENT can be used with or without topical corticosteroids.

Asthma: DUPIXENT is indicated as an add-on maintenance treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with moderate-to-severe asthma characterized by an eosinophilic phenotype or with oral corticosteroid dependent asthma. Limitations of Use: DUPIXENT is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus.

Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: DUPIXENT is indicated as an add-on maintenance treatment in adult and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with inadequately controlled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

Eosinophilic Esophagitis: DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 1 year and older, weighing at least 15 kg, with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).

Prurigo Nodularis: DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with prurigo nodularis (PN).

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: DUPIXENT is indicated as an add-on maintenance treatment of adult patients with inadequately controlled chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and an eosinophilic phenotype. Limitations of Use: DUPIXENT is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm.

Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) who remain symptomatic despite H1 antihistamine treatment. Limitations of Use: DUPIXENT is not indicated for treatment of other forms of urticaria.

IMPORTANT SAFETY
INFORMATION

CONTRAINDICATION: DUPIXENT is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to dupilumab or any of its excipients.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, serum sickness or serum sickness-like reactions, angioedema, generalized urticaria, rash, erythema nodosum, and erythema multiforme have been reported. If a clinically significant hypersensitivity reaction occurs, institute appropriate therapy and discontinue DUPIXENT.

Conjunctivitis and Keratitis: Conjunctivitis and keratitis occurred more frequently in AD subjects who received DUPIXENT versus placebo, with conjunctivitis being the most frequently reported eye disorder. Conjunctivitis also occurred more frequently in adult CRSwNP subjects, PN subjects, and COPD subjects who received DUPIXENT compared to those who received placebo. Conjunctivitis and keratitis have been reported with DUPIXENT in postmarketing settings, predominantly in AD patients. Some patients reported visual disturbances (e.g., blurred vision) associated with conjunctivitis or keratitis. Advise patients or their caregivers to report new-onset or worsening eye symptoms. Consider ophthalmological examination for patients who develop conjunctivitis that does not resolve following standard treatment or signs and symptoms suggestive of keratitis, as appropriate.

Eosinophilic Conditions: Patients being treated for asthma may present with clinical features of eosinophilic pneumonia or eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). These events may be associated with the reduction of oral corticosteroid therapy. Healthcare providers should be alert to vasculitic rash, worsening pulmonary symptoms, cardiac complications, kidney injury, and/or neuropathy presenting in their patients with eosinophilia. Cases of eosinophilic pneumonia were reported in adults who participated in the asthma development program and cases of EGPA have been reported with DUPIXENT in adults who participated in the asthma development program as well as in adults with co-morbid asthma in the CRSwNP development program. Advise patients to report signs of eosinophilic pneumonia and EGPA. Consider withholding DUPIXENT if eosinophilic pneumonia or EGPA are suspected.

Acute Symptoms of Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or Acute Deteriorating Disease: Do not use DUPIXENT to treat acute symptoms or acute exacerbations of asthma or COPD, acute bronchospasm, or status asthmaticus. Patients should seek medical advice if their asthma or COPD remains uncontrolled or worsens after initiation of DUPIXENT.

Risk Associated with Abrupt Reduction of Corticosteroid Dosage: Do not discontinue systemic, topical, or inhaled corticosteroids abruptly upon initiation of DUPIXENT. Reductions in corticosteroid dose, if appropriate, should be gradual and performed under the direct supervision of a healthcare provider. Reduction in corticosteroid dose may be associated with systemic withdrawal symptoms and/or unmask conditions previously suppressed by systemic corticosteroid therapy.

Patients with Co-morbid Asthma: Advise patients with co-morbid asthma not to adjust or stop their asthma treatments without consultation with their physicians.

Psoriasis: Cases of new-onset psoriasis have been reported with the use of DUPIXENT for the treatment of atopic dermatitis and asthma, including in patients without a family history of psoriasis. In postmarketing reports, these cases resulted in partial or complete resolution of psoriasis with discontinuation of dupilumab, with or without use of supplemental treatment for psoriasis (topical or systemic). Those who continued dupilumab received supplemental treatment for psoriasis to improve associated symptoms. Advise patients to report new-onset psoriasis symptoms. If symptoms persist or worsen, consider dermatologic evaluation and/or discontinuation of DUPIXENT.

Arthralgia and Psoriatic Arthritis: Arthralgia has been reported with the use of DUPIXENT with some patients reporting gait disturbances or decreased mobility associated with joint symptoms; some cases resulted in hospitalization. Cases of new-onset psoriatic arthritis requiring systemic treatment have been reported with the use of DUPIXENT. Advise patients to report new-onset or worsening joint symptoms. If symptoms persist or worsen, consider rheumatological evaluation and/or discontinuation of DUPIXENT.

Parasitic (Helminth) Infections: It is unknown if DUPIXENT will influence the immune response against helminth infections. Treat patients with pre-existing helminth infections before initiating therapy with DUPIXENT. If patients become infected while receiving treatment with DUPIXENT and do not respond to anti-helminth treatment, discontinue treatment with DUPIXENT until the infection resolves. Helminth infections (5 cases of enterobiasis and 1 case of ascariasis) were reported in pediatric patients 6 to 11 years old in the pediatric asthma development program.

Vaccinations: Consider completing all age-appropriate vaccinations as recommended by current immunization guidelines prior to initiating DUPIXENT. Avoid use of live vaccines during treatment with DUPIXENT.

ADVERSE REACTIONS:

Most common adverse reactions are:

  • Atopic Dermatitis (incidence ≥1%): injection site reactions, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, oral herpes, keratitis, eye pruritus, other herpes simplex virus infection, dry eye, and eosinophilia. The safety profile in pediatric patients through Week 16 was similar to that of adults with AD. In an open-label extension study, the long-term safety profile of DUPIXENT ± TCS in pediatric patients observed through Week 52 was consistent with that seen in adults with AD, with hand-foot-and-mouth disease and skin papilloma (incidence ≥2%) reported in patients 6 months to 5 years of age. These cases did not lead to study drug discontinuation.
  • Asthma (incidence ≥1%): injection site reactions, oropharyngeal pain, and eosinophilia.
  • Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (incidence ≥1% in adult patients): injection site reactions, eosinophilia, insomnia, toothache, gastritis, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis.
  • Eosinophilic Esophagitis (incidence ≥2%): injection site reactions, upper respiratory tract infections, arthralgia, and herpes viral infections.
  • Prurigo Nodularis (incidence ≥2%): nasopharyngitis, conjunctivitis, herpes infection, dizziness, myalgia, and diarrhea.
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (incidence ≥2%): viral infection, headache, nasopharyngitis, back pain, diarrhea, arthralgia, urinary tract infection, local administration reactions, rhinitis, eosinophilia, toothache, and gastritis.
  • Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (incidence ≥2%): injection site reactions.
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
  • Pregnancy: A pregnancy exposure registry monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to DUPIXENT during pregnancy. To enroll or obtain information call 1-877-311-8972 or go to https://mothertobaby.org/ongoing-study/dupixent/. Available data from case reports and case series with DUPIXENT use in pregnant women have not identified a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Human IgG antibodies are known to cross the placental barrier; therefore, DUPIXENT may be transmitted from the mother to the developing fetus.
  • Lactation: There are no data on the presence of DUPIXENT in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Maternal IgG is known to be present in human milk. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for DUPIXENT and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from DUPIXENT or from the underlying maternal condition.

Please see accompanying full Prescribing Information

References:

  1. Wei W, Anderson P, Gadkari A, et al. Extent and consequences of inadequate disease control among adults with a history of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol. 2018;45(2):150-157.
  2. Data on file, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  3. Paller AS, Siegfried EC, Vekeman F, et al. Treatment patterns of pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis: a claims data analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(3):651-660.
  4. Simpson EL, Bieber T, Eckert L, et al. Patient burden of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD): insights from a phase 2b clinical trial of dupilumab in adults. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(3):491-498.
  5. Zuberbier T, Orlow SJ, Paller AS, et al. Patient perspectives on the management of atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;118(1):226-232.
  6. Capozza K, Gadd H, Kelley K, Russell S, Shi V, Schwartz A. Insights from caregivers on the impact of pediatric atopic dermatitis on families: “I’m tired, overwhelmed, and feel like I’m failing as a mother”. Dermatitis. 2020;31(3):223-227.
  7. De Benedetto A, Rafaels NM, McGirt LY, et al. Tight junction defects in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(3):773-786.  
  8. Suárez-Fariñas M, Tintle SJ, Shemer A, et al. Nonlesional atopic dermatitis skin is characterized by broad terminal differentiation defects and variable immune abnormalities. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(4):954-964.  
  9. Leung DYM, Boguniewicz M, Howell MD, Nomura I, Hamid QA. New insights into atopic dermatitis. J Clin Invest. 2004;113(5):651-657. 
  10. DUPIXENT Prescribing Information.
  11. Davis DMR, Drucker AM, Alikhan A, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis in adults with phototherapy and systemic therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024;90(2):E43-E56. 
  12. Chu DK, Schneider L, Asiniwasis RN, et al; AAAAI/ACAAI JTF Atopic Dermatitis Guideline Panel. Atopic dermatitis (eczema) guidelines: 2023 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters GRADE- and Institute of Medicine-based recommendations. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2024;132(3):274-312.